Humanity Bloomed During the Renaissance

The Renaissance, a movement that  stressed the ideas of the classical world, ended the medieval era  and heralded the start of Europes modern age. Between the 14th and 17th centuries, art and science flourished as empires expanded and cultures mixed as never before. Although historians still debate some  causes of the Renaissance, they agree on a few basic points. AHunger for Discovery The courts and monasteries of Europe had long been repositories of manuscripts and texts, but a change in how scholars viewed them sparked a massive reappraisal of classical works in the Renaissance. Fourteenth-century writer Petrarch typified this, writing about his lust for discovering texts that  had previously been ignored. As literacy spread and a middle class emerged, seeking out, reading, and spreading classical texts became commonplace. New libraries developed to facilitate access to old books. Ideas once forgotten were now reawakened, as was interest in their authors. Reintroduction of Classical Works During the Dark Ages, many classical European texts were lost or destroyed. Those that survived were hidden in churches and monasteries of the Byzantine Empire or in capitals of the Middle East. During the Renaissance, many of these texts were slowly reintroduced into Europe by merchants and scholars. In 1396 an official academic post for teaching Greek was created in Florence. The man hired, Manuel Chrysoloras, brought with him a copy of Ptolemy’s Geography from the East. A huge number of Greek texts and scholars arrived in Europe with the fall of Constantinople in 1453. The Printing Press The invention of the printing press  in 1440 was the game-changer. Finally, books could be mass produced for far less money and time than by the old handwritten methods. Ideas could be spread through libraries, booksellers, and schools in a way that wasnt possible before. The printed page was more legible than the elaborate script of books written longhand. Printing became a viable industry, creating new jobs and innovations. The spread of books also encouraged the study of literature itself, allowing new ideas to spread as cities and nations began establishing universities and other schools. Humanism Emerges Renaissance humanism  was a new manner of thinking and approaching the world. It has been called the earliest expression of the Renaissance and is described as both a product and a cause of the movement. Humanist thinkers challenged the mindset of the previously dominant school of scholarly thought, Scholasticism, as well as the Catholic Church, allowing the new thinking to develop. Art and Politics The new artists needed wealthy patrons to support them, and Renaissance Italy was especially fertile ground. Political changes in the ruling class shortly before this period had led to the rulers of most major city-states being â€Å"new men† without much political history. They attempted to legitimize themselves with conspicuous investment in and public flaunting of art and architecture. As the Renaissance spread, church and European rulers used their wealth to adopt the new styles to keep pace. The demand from the  elites wasn’t just artistic; they also relied upon ideas developed for their political models. The Prince, Machiavelli’s  guide for rulers, is a work of Renaissance political theory. The developing bureaucracies of Italy and the rest of Europe generated new  demand for highly educated humanists to fill the ranks of governments and bureaucracies. A new political and economic class emerged.   Death and Life In the middle of the 14th  century, the Black Death swept Europe, killing perhaps a third of the population. While devastating, the plague left survivors better off financially and socially, with the same wealth spread among fewer people. This was especially true in Italy, where social mobility was much greater. This new  wealth often was spent lavishly on arts, culture, and artisanal goods.  The merchant classes of regional powers such as Italy  saw a great increase in wealth from their roles in trade. This growing mercantile class sparked a financial industry to manage their wealth, generating additional economic and social growth. War and Peace Periods of peace and war have been credited with allowing the Renaissance to spread. The end of the Hundred Years War between England and France in 1453 allowed Renaissance ideas to penetrate these nations as resources once consumed by war were funneled into the arts and sciences. By contrast, the Great Italian Wars of the early 16th century allowed Renaissance ideas to spread to France as its armies invaded Italy repeatedly over 50 years.

Battle of Monmouth in the American Revolution

The Battle of Monmouth was fought on June 28, 1778, during the American Revolution (1775 to 1783). Major General Charles Lee  commanded 12,000 men of the Continental Army under the leadership of General George Washington. For the British,  General Sir Henry Clinton  commanded 11,000 men under the leadership of  Lieutenant General Lord Charles Cornwallis. The weather was extremely hot during the battle,  and almost as many soldiers died from heatstroke as from battle. Background With the French entry into the American Revolution in February 1778, British strategy in America began to shift as the war became increasingly global in nature. As a result, the newly appointed commander of the British Army in America, General Sir Henry Clinton, received orders to dispatch part of his forces to the West Indies and Florida. Though the British had captured the rebel capital of Philadelphia in 1777, Clinton, soon to be short on men, decided to abandon the city the following spring to focus on protecting his base at New York City. Assessing the situation, he originally wanted to withdraw his army by sea, but a shortage of transports compelled him to plan a march north. On June 18, 1778, Clinton began evacuating the city, with his troops crossing Delaware at Coopers Ferry. Moving northeast, Clinton initially intended to march overland to New York, but later opted to move toward  Sandy Hook and take boats to the city. Washingtons Plan While the British commenced planning their departure from Philadelphia, General George Washingtons army was still at its winter quarters encampment at Valley Forge, where it had been tirelessly drilled and trained by Baron von Steuben.  Learning of Clintons intentions, Washington sought to engage the British before they could reach the safety of New York. While many of Washingtons officers favored this aggressive approach, Major General Charles Lee strenuously objected. A recently released prisoner of war and an adversary of Washingtons, Lee argued that the French alliance meant victory in the long run and that it was foolish to commit the army to battle unless they had overwhelming superiority over the enemy. Weighing the arguments, Washington elected to pursue Clinton. In New Jersey, Clintons march was moving slowly due to an extensive baggage train. Arriving at Hopewell, NJ, on June 23, Washington held a council of war. Lee once again argued against a major attack, and this time managed to sway his commander. Encouraged in part by suggestions made by Brigadier General Anthony Wayne, Washington decided instead to send a force of 4,000 men to harass Clintons rearguard. Due to his seniority in the army, Lee was offered command of this force by Washington. Lacking confidence in the plan, Lee declined this offer and it was given to the Marquis de Lafayette. Later in the day, Washington enlarged the force to 5,000. Upon hearing this, Lee changed his mind and demanded that he be given command, which he received with strict orders that he was to hold a meeting of his officers to determine the plan of attack. Lees Attack and Retreat On June 28, Washington received word from the New Jersey militia that the British were on the move. Directing Lee forward, he instructed him to strike the flank of the British as they marched up Middletown Road. This would halt the enemy and allow Washington to bring up the main body of the army. Lee obeyed Washingtons earlier order and held a conference with his commanders. Rather than devising a plan, he told them to be alert for orders during the battle. Around 8 p.m. on June 28, Lees column encountered the British rear guard under Lieutenant General Lord Charles Cornwallis just north of Monmouth Court House. Rather than launch a coordinated attack, Lee committed his troops piecemeal and quickly lost control of the situation. After a few hours of fighting, the British moved to flank Lees line. Seeing this movement, Lee ordered a general retreat up the Freehold Meeting House-Monmouth Court House Road after offering little resistance. Washington to the Rescue While Lees force was engaging Cornwallis, Washington was bringing up the main army. Riding forward, he encountered the fleeing soldiers from Lees command. Appalled by the situation, he located Lee and demanded to know what had happened. After receiving no satisfactory answer, Washington rebuked Lee in one of the few instances in which he swore publicly. Dismissing his subordinate, Washington set to rallying Lees men. Ordering Wayne to establish a line north of the road to slow the British advance, he worked to establish a defensive line along a hedgerow. These efforts held off the British long enough to allow the army to take up positions to the west, behind the West Ravine. Moving into place, the line saw Major General William Alexanders men on the left and Major General Nathanael Greenes troops to the right. The line was supported to the south by artillery on Combs Hill. Falling back to the main army, the remnants of Lees forces, now led by Lafayette, re-formed to the rear of the new American line with the British in pursuit. The training and discipline instilled by von Steuben at Valley Forge paid dividends, and the Continental troops were able to fight the British regulars to a standstill. Late in the afternoon, with both sides bloodied and exhausted  from the summer heat, the British broke off the battle and withdrew toward New York. Washington wished to continue the pursuit, but his men were too exhausted and Clinton had reached the safety of Sandy Hook. The Legend of Molly Pitcher While many of the details regarding the involvement of a Molly Pitcher in the fighting at Monmouth have been embellished or are in dispute, it seems there was indeed a woman who brought water to American artillerymen during the battle. This would have been no small feat, as it was desperately needed not only to alleviate the mens suffering in the intense heat but also to swab the guns during the reloading process. In one version of the story, Molly Pitcher even took over from her husband on a gun crew when he fell, either wounded or from heatstroke. It is believed that Mollys real name was  Mary Hayes McCauly, but, again, the exact details and extent of her assistance during the battle is unknown. Aftermath Casualties for the Battle of Monmouth, as reported by each commander, were 69 killed in battle, 37 dead from heatstroke, 160 wounded, and 95 missing for the Continental Army. British casualties included 65 killed in battle, 59 dead from heatstroke, 170 wounded, 50 captured, and 14 missing. In both cases, these numbers are conservative and losses were more likely 500 to 600 for Washington and over 1,100 for Clinton. The battle was the last major engagement fought in the northern theater of the war. Thereafter, the British holed up in New York and shifted their attention to the southern colonies. Following the battle, Lee requested a court-martial to prove that he was innocent of any wrongdoing. Washington obliged and filed formal charges. Six weeks later, Lee was found guilty and suspended from the service.

Portrayal Of The Criminal Justice System - 1308 Words

deter criminal activity because of their ability to depict anti-criminal behavior in an attractive manner. Overtime the media, whether it be by film, television, news etc., has provided its audience with different depictions of the criminal justice system. Some themes continue to reappear while others vanish due to unpopularity. Typically, all media outlets seek to produce the most trendy and entertaining perspective of what it intends on representing. As a result, the portrayal of the criminal justice system for instance, is often times unrealistic. However, some sources of media hold authenticity to a higher regard and aim to produce a more sufficient illustration. Ultimately though, viewers are more attracted to the more exaggerated and dramatic representation, prompting creators, directors and writers to display their work in a specific manner. Unfortunately, these inadequate portrayals sometimes become what many viewers see as reality. Additionally, the popular depiction of the criminal justice system is that it is inefficient and is in a dire need of reconstruction. The news in particular reports most frequently on violent crimes such as racial dispute, gang violence and other street oriented lawlessness. There are a few different consequences that rise from the overrepresentation of violent crimes. One is that it instigates unnecessary fear of the public and the crime problem in general. Another is that it promotes racial tension between different groups stirringShow MoreRelatedMedia Portrayal Of The Criminal Justice System945 Words   |  4 PagesMedia Portraying the Criminal Justice System Different forms of media, such as television, films, books, and newspapers, have similar ways of portraying the criminal justice system. 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The two most frequent racial stereotypes in culturalRead MoreThe Inside Out Program : The Media s Portrayal Of Criminals947 Words   |  4 Pagesdelve into the prison system through the interactions and discussions between the local inmates or classified â€Å"Inside† students. When explaining the program to the average person, some would express interest and curiosity or having a class in a correctional institution; others were weary and even asked why one would decide to take a class full of â€Å"hardened† criminals. This i s what I thought as well when first hearing about the course. From the media’s portrayal of criminals, bombarding news viewersRead MoreAnalysis Of To Kill A Mockingbird1693 Words   |  7 Pagesare discussed. In general, the audience gets a full overview of the criminal justice process; however, the process isn’t portrayed in full accuracy. At the beginning of the movie, we hear of a grand jury charging Tom Robinson. 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As Ruva, Geunther and Yarbrough had found that both positive and negative media realises can influence the jury in different ways, it provided an understanding into the different types of media representation surrounding a case. The different types of media representation will influence ones memory, and pre-trial publicity can cause errors in judgementRead MoreComparing Media Images Of Criminological Research Essay1712 Words   |  7 Pagesaffected comic book stories, those stories are where the shows and films get their material from. They are not exact retellings but they are very closely linked. The creators of Marvel ©, Stan Lee and Steve Ditko, showed the world a place where â€Å"’justice’ depended on how characters used t heir power responsibly for the greater social welfare† (Adkinson, The Amazing Spider-Man and the Evolution of the Comics Code: A Case Study in Cultural Criminology). 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Getting Past No - A Critique - 3444 Words

Clarkson Univeristy – OS 666 Getting Past No A Critique Aaron Cubells 10/15/2013 In his book titled Getting Past No, William Ury encompasses the key elements that cultivate successful negotiation. He is able to step back and fundamentally view the dynamics between the two separate parties, which in turn allows him to formalize and explain a systemic set of guidelines that can be utilized to successfully negotiate. The tools he conveys are infinitely beneficial, especially since there are countless underlying forces that set each negotiation apart from one another. This leaves one to conclude that successful negotiation is truly an art in and of itself. Ury breaks down this art of successful negotiation into a â€Å"five step†¦show more content†¦Recently, I was in the middle of an email conversation with the CEO of one of my suppliers regarding a tooling reimbursement Chrysler had yet to fulfill. Chrysler had previously required them to put this tooling in place at their facility for an upcoming vehicle program. To receive the balance, their parts and p rocesses needed full approval from a Chrysler Supplier Quality Engineer (me). Even though they completed all of the necessary deliverables, I still could not approve their process for the tooling payment since Chrysler Engineering was not finished with part validation testing. Chrysler’s side of the testing was not my supplier’s responsibility, so this seemed unfair to me. I started to write an email back to the CEO expressing my concerns in a very emotional way, which included my personal opinions about Chrysler’s corporate policies. I stopped writing midway through and walked away from my desk and headed for my balcony to view the situation from a third party stance. It was then that I realized what I had written was inappropriate for a professional business email. When I returned to my desk, started over with my response to the CEO and simply explained the corporate policy to him. I concluded the note by referring him to my buyer in purchasing who could possi bly schedule a non-standard partial tooling payment. This approach satisfied Chrysler policy and my supplier’s request without involving any emotion—exactly what â€Å"going to the balcony† is designed to do. IfShow MoreRelatedZen Tradition Essay1027 Words   |  5 Pageson two of Nagarjunas points or rather critiques against the Abhidharma; time and causality. Nagarjunas critique on time can be seen as a good introduction to his methodology. Nagarjuna argues four points against time. The first critique is that if the existence of the present and future depends upon the past, then present and future should be in the past (Kasulis). An example from my life to help illustrate this point would be driving. 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Transaction Costs Economics Free Essays

Introduction The conditions of doing businesses change dramatically for the past century and especially for the past 30 years. With the continuous improvement of the infrastructure marked by transportation, communications and technologies, as well as changing role played by the government and the financial markets, firms found new ways and equipped with new abilities to control their operations and interact with suppliers, customers, competitors and other stakeholders. Given the above infrastructure changes, vertical integration became a logical option for firms as the demand of product and market size increased tremendously which allowed the high-volume production since the early 90s. We will write a custom essay sample on Transaction Costs Economics or any similar topic only for you Order Now With the continuous advancement of the production and telecommunications technologies, it comes to a stage whereby market became a viable substitution of organisation as the exchange coordinator. Hence, one of the most important strategic decisions of firms is to define their boundaries and under what circumstances should they consider using market instead of internal organisation to coordinate exchange. This essay is to try to describe the key characteristics of Transactions Costs Economics (hereafter TEC) and with real life examples given as how it affects the decision of using market vs. organisation. Also, by quoting the example of Sony (battery), Apple (iPod) and firm that I am working with, we can see how firms define their vertical boundaries and what is the role played by coordination in a vertical chain. TEC One of the principle contributors to the study of TEC is Oliver E. Williamson. While Williamson drew on the earlier work done by Ronald Coase regarding the concept of transactions costs, he further advanced it and had developed the Transaction Costs Analysis (TCA) theory in the 1970s and the 1980s. In the neo-classical approach of economics study, firm is treated as a â€Å"black box†, and internal workings of which were not considered to be important. TEC, however, argued differently. It tried to explain why firms exist and why they existed in a particular form of structure and the extent to which it will integrate vertically, given the existence of transaction costs. Transaction costs can be aroused from: ? researching potential suppliers ?collecting information on prices ?negotiating contracts ?monitoring the supplier’s input ?legal costs incurred should the supplier breach contractual negotiations Another key characteristic of TEC is its underlying assumptions, namely bounded rationality and opportunism. Bounded rationality refers to the fact that people are bounded by the limits of their own knowledge and memories. People may also be bounded in their rationality when they are overloaded with information which is beyond their processing abilities. Opportunism refers to the possibilities that people might try to maximize their own benefit by lying about their true intentions or chances that people might exploit another party by taking advantage of unforeseen situations. It is worthwhile to mention that while TEC had tried to modify the assumptions under neo-classical decision theory by adding the deceitful human behaviour element in TCA, the core assumption of profit maximisation is still maintained. One of the key methods to maximize profit is to minimize costs. By assuming that management and the owners of the firms are rational, they must compare the cost of internal co-ordination, which includes the cost of internal production and the cost of governance, to the cost of using the markets, which includes external production cost and transactions costs. In essence, management is considering the â€Å"Make or Buy† decision when they do the cost comparison exercise. With the assumptions highlighted above, TEC then attempts to explain why a firm will integrate vertically by specifying three attributes that are used to characterize any transactions s, i. e. Frequency, Uncertainty and Asset Specificity. TEC argues that these attributes will determine whether transaction costs will be lowest in an organization or in a market. For frequency, it refers to the situation whereby firm will seldom integrate vertically if the services rendered or goods produced are rarely used. For uncertainty, it may be rooted from bounded rationality described above and from a situation whereby different parties involved had asymmetric information of the exchange. High uncertainty would generally lead to vertical integration, given the savings in transaction costs outweigh the costs incurred for vertical integration. For asset specificity, arguably it could be the most distinctive element in the TEC theory. As investment in relationship-specific asset that cannot be redeployed to another transaction without incurring extra cost or sacrifice in the productivity of the asset, it would lock the parties into the relationship to some degree. The level of specificity will increase if an asset has little value in alternative use. With the existence of this attribute, transaction costs may increase so much that it may push potential firm away from using market. In turn, firm will internalize the exchange by vertically integrating the firm that provided/offered the specific assets. With the notion of the investment in relationship-specific asset, it transforms the relationship between trading partners whereby parties which made investment in relationship-specific assets, the relationship changes from a â€Å"large numbers† bargaining situation to a â€Å"small numbers† bargaining situation. This situation is described by Oliver Williamson as the fundamental transformation. It gives raise to two important theoretical concepts, i. e. Quasi-Rents and the problem of Holdup. Both of these concepts affect the costs of arm’s-length market exchange and in turn affect the â€Å"Make or Buy† decision. Once a firm invests in a relationship-specific asset, it generates positive quasi-rent. The other party in the exchange may know this extra profit and will push for getting a share of it by holding up its trading partner. It can be done by renegotiating the terms of the exchange, or event breaching the contracts when they are incomplete. In view of the possible Holdup issue, the incentive for firms to invest in relationship-specific assets in the first place might be greatly reduced. Without the adequate supply of these assets, it might force the firm to make them by itself. Make Vs. Buy Cases Having the theoretical basis of the TEC theory described above, we can now see how the theory can be applied to the real life examples. The first example that I quote is the defect notebook batteries produced by Sony which resulted in recall in year 2006 and in 2008. In the personal computer (PC) manufacturing industry, most of the players, such as Lenovo, Hewlett-Packard, Toshiba and Dell, have been using the market and they buy most of the component parts required to make their desktops and notebooks instead of making them by themselves. One of the standard components of notebook is its battery. All of these PC firms buy their batteries from the market and one of the major battery suppliers is Sony. These PC firms made this â€Å"Buy† decision as they found Sony has attached economics of scale in producing notebook batteries which their in-house unit could not attain. Also notebook batteries are not relationship-specific assets and are not too difficult to coordinate in the production flows as it is a stand alone add-on that only required when the assembly of the notebook components is completed. So Timing and Sequence Fit are not a major coordination issue. In addition, leakage of private information is a non-issue as the raw materials of making battery cells are almost homogenous and relatively â€Å"low-tech† in the manufacturing process. Hence, these giant PC firms entered into contracts with Sony for the supply of their notebooks batteries. In year 2006, dozen of consumers worldwide reported Sony batteries were overheating and a few minor burns. The overheating batteries were shipped with Lenovo, HP, Toshiba and Dell notebooks. It resulted in a 9. 6 million notebook recall in year 2006. In this case, all PC firms were following the standard make vs. buy decision process and tried to reduce their production costs by using the market. However, all of them had underestimated the transaction costs related to the use of the market mechanism. With asymmetric information where Sony has more information that HP, Dell and other PC firms, it may subsequently use it opportunistically. The PC firms can reduce the problem by improving the quality control and contract terms of buying these batteries. However, it comes at a cost, transaction costs. While the compensations claims from these PC firms to Sony were not publicly disclosed, it certainly damaged the reputation of these PC firms and Sony. It also increased the costs of the contracts between them. While public expected this recall would not happen again, in year 2008, about 35,000 Sony notebook batteries were recalled in US after several reports of fire. Apparently, all parties involved had not taken into the transaction costs factor seriously enough given the 2006 recall. Vertical Integration I would like to illustrate the vertical integration strategy by referring to production of iPod by Apple Inc. While Apple Inc. claimed itself as a firm that designs and manufactures consumer electronics and computer software products, essentially it uses the market specialists as the coordination. It contracted out of all of its manufacturing functions and only kept the core design of its products in-house. Even its software was not entirely developed in-house. Steve Jobs, CEO of Apple Inc. , ordered a team of hardware designers within the firm to design the hardware of iPod in year 2000. When Apple first launched iPod in the market on October, 2001, it used the software developed by a company called PortalPlayer. Apple also contracted another company, Pixo, to help on the user interface design and implementation. It is Apple Inc. hich continuously refined the look and feel of the software as the development progress. Regarding manufacturing, it was out-sourced to Taiwan companies with factories located in Mainland China. Component parts that made up of iPod are supplied by different suppliers, such as Samsung for microcontroller and storage medium and Cirrus Logic for audio chip. Interestingly, while Apple Inc. decided not to have forward integration for the manufacturing of iPod, it actively pursed the downstream integration by establishing its own distribution and retailing channel. It set up an online media store of iTunes Music Store on April 2003 and operates more than 250 retail stores in more than 9 countries. With the PC iTunes software that can access the iTunes Store and the special property right protection technology (Data Retention Management) that only allows iPod to play the contents (which include music, videos and games) purchased from the Store, the iPod, iTunes and on-line iTunes Store are well-coordinated in the downstream of the vertical chain. It also increased greatly the sales and profitability of Apple Inc.. Another case that I can refer to is my firm that I am currently working with. It is big law firm. When we decide whether we would outsource our supporting functions, such as data management and IT support, we always consider the chance of leakage of our private (client’s) information, which is critical to our profession. It will have negative legal and reputational consequence if our clients’ information is leaked to outsiders. As complete contracting is either infeasible or too costly, most of data management applications are developed in-house instead of buying from the market. Conclusion TEC is important as it represents one of the first and most influential attempts to develop an economic theory that look into the firm structure in a more serious manner. It is most often used to analyze vertical integration of firms. With the development of technologies and communications, transaction costs to use Market are reduced. However, the example of Sony batteries recall case shows that firms might underestimate these costs. While more firms are downsizing their structure and contracted out their functions, they strategically integrate to the functions which can enhance their overall profitability. The setting up of iTunes Stores and selling of proprietary contents by Apple Inc. for iPod is a good example. With possible leakage of private information and the failure to have complete contract, professional services firm is more likely to use the internal resources for its data and IT management. How to cite Transaction Costs Economics, Papers

Business with Mobile Computing-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Reseach the Opportunities Making Business with Mobile Computing. Answer: The business Research was done on the opportunities making business with Mobile computing. Mobile computing is the emerging technology which allows the transmission of data and voice through electronic devices without any physical connection. This is a very interesting topic and has provided with many insights which proves how it is beneficial for the businesses of today. My individual reflection journal with the completion of this business research is given below: Week 1: This week is dedicated for the planning. Planning is very important to conduct the whole research process successfully (Gristy, 2015). I arranged a meeting with my mentor to learn about the formats and processes to be followed in the research. My mentor also guided me for the setting of objectives and questions of the research topic. They guided me how I should take the research further and earn good grades in my course. I scheduled my research which developed time management skills in me which is very fruitful for the personal and professional life of an individual. Week 2: The plans made are implemented in this week. The questions are made and the objectives of the research are identified. The research is the process which needs analysis skills. These skills are used throughout the research project. In this week I planned about the sources of data collection because it is very important to collect the data only from the genuine sources and the ones which are related to the research. I planned that the data will be collected from primary and secondary sources and identified the most appropriate sources out of the available ones. This taught me how to analyse the best out of the available resources and how to make best use of them (Ryan ebrary, 2012). Week 3 and 4: In week 3, I collected the data from primary sources. For this, I learned to prepare the survey questionnaire and communicated with various professionals in the field of mobile computing to know about its role in business. This has encouraged me to talk to people and improved my communication skills. This has also brought an improvement in my interpersonal skills and motivated me to go out in the market and face different challenges. Talking to people is not an easy task; it needs courage to handle different behaviour of people (Carrington, Suzanne Selva, 2010). In week 4, I referred different secondary sources like articles and other internet sources to collect the information about the topic and analyse them to know the actual opportunities business have with mobile computing. This step has provided me with immense knowledge and information. This has cultivated a habit of knowing more and grasping knowledge in me. I started craving for more and more knowledge so that I could gain more about the topic and can make my research better. The collection of data has made me more active than before and I learned how to manage time as per the requirements of the project. This would help me not only for completing this project on time but also in future to accomplish the tasks on time (Roberts, 2017). Week 5: In this week, I learned how to analyse the huge data which has been collected in the previous weeks. The data is been collected will be analysed through various statistical tools. I learned how understanding should be developed on the data and what all implications this data have on the research. This has also developed many project management skills in me. It developed time management, best resource utilisation, good management, effective organisation and delegation of work in me. These all qualities are required by a good manager in the highly competitive corporate field. If these skills will be developed properly then it will help me to function effectively in future (Lewis, 2013). Week 6: In this week, I arranged all the data and analysis of it. Discussions are been carried on the final analysis and findings which will make the conclusions for the research and will resolve the problems of the research. The research is a process which teaches many qualities required for a successful professional life and a good personal life. This has taught a good problem solving skill and critical analysis of the data and findings. The research taught me how I can research more about the topic and developed innovative thinking and development in me (Forrest, 2008). To summarise, I can say that this research process has gave me a good learning experience which would help me in completing my course successfully with good marks. This would also help me in accomplishing my career goals. The theoretical knowledge learned in the whole process is applied practically and these insights will be used in future by applying the innovative ideas and skills in the job (Lucas, 2012). This will make me competent for a getting a good position in my job. I heard people, listened to their views and ideas, I saw people growing with the mobile computing by grabbing the opportunities. These all activities contributed to my learning process and this business research is very useful for my learning process. It is because the experiences I gained during this process can be used in future. Like, the during data collection I met various people, leaders and owners of businesses and I learned how to take your job role to a new level by handling various resources efficientl y. I learned how these skills can take a business to a good position in the global competitive business environment. This research process was a great inspiration for me as it introduced me to many people and made me able to take up different challenges which not only improved my thinking but also improved my life as a professional. I am now able to present myself and my research confidently in the front of evaluators and will be able to score good marks and comments from them. This project will also help me to get a good job after my studies (Toros, K Medar, 2015). References Carrington, Suzanne B Selva (2010). Critical social theory and transformative learning : evidence in pre-service teachers service learning reflection logs. Higher Education Research and Development, 29(1), pp. 45-57. Forrest, M E S (2008). On becoming a critically reflective practitioner. Health Information Libraries Journal. Volume 25, Issue 3. Gristy, C. (2015). Engaging with and moving on from participatory research: A personal reflection.International Journal of Research Method in Education,38(4). Lewis, A V (2013). Reflective practice: what is it and how do I do it?. Journal of Clinical Practice in Speech Language Pathology, 15(2), 70-74. Lucas, P (2012). Critical reflection. What do we really mean?. Australian Collaborative Education Network (ACEN Inc.). Roberts, A (2017). Encouraging reflective practice in periods of professional workplace experience: the development of a conceptual model. Retrieved from https://orca.cf.ac.uk/13909/2/Roberts_Reflection_Paper_v2.pdf. Ryan, M., ebrary, I. (2012).Reflections on learning, life and work: Completing doctoral studies in mid and later life and career(1. Aufl. ed.). Rotterdam: Sense Publishers. Toros, K Medar, M (2015). Social Work Students Thoughts on Self-Reflection: A Qualitative Study Based on Reflective Journaling. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science. Vol. 5, No. 3.

Business Requirements Analysis Healthcare Systems

Question: Discuss about the Business Requirements Analysis for Healthcare Systems. Answer: Situational Analysis The use of the situational analysis is mere to define the projects having external and the internal factors which generate immense impact on the project. In reflects the desired threats as well as the opportunities on the project and moreover, it is crucial for any of the firms to understand the potential threats on the execution of the project. There are certain basic elements of a situational analysis, which are strategies, opportunities and the indirect threats, the success of the concerned direct threats, ecological attributes, and the focal targets. It consists of the external as well as the internal environment in which the concerned company executes its business processes (Anderson, 2015). The ABCall4Help is going to be developed in order to enhance the facilities and the services provided to the concerned patients. The application will help in providing the geo-location details of the respective patient and will call for the help will be attended by the healthcare professiona ls. Moreover, it will help the patients to get the help from the healthcare professionals urgently as required by them and therefore it becomes crucial to identify the external and the internal environment before the launching of the application. Considering the entire external environment, the development of this application will help in bringing out the desired positive outcomes for the patients along with the entire hospital. Moreover, there are certain other factors which need to be looked at, they are socio-economic profile, health status of citizens in that particular state or district, availability of the desired health services, the management system providing the health services and the other medical facilities in that particular area and the policies of the political parties for the development and welfare of the people (An Application of Restricted Open Queueing Networks to Healthcare Systems, 2016). In order to as it the patients as required by them, it is crucial to col lect the required information related to the health condition, location and other details and this application will help in collecting these datas and will offer complete care to the respective patient. SWOT Table Strengths Weaknesses The application offers complete information sharing facilities on behalf of the patient It offers operational efficiency Provides reliable emergency services to the patients Synchronized the collected data of patients including the geo-location with the data analytics software The user interface of the software is not reliable for the use Not user-friendly for the patients Occurrence of errors in some cases Unclear vision of the hospital staff regarding the application Threats Opportunities Uninterested different software vendors for getting involved with the software Entrance of the other medical softwares by other hospitals Privacy concern of the data collected by the patient Occurrence of errors in application while operating Potential for customizing and personalizing pharmaceutical products Branding of the hospital in front of the patients Enhancing the growth of the Hospital by delivering best quality of services Improvement in other medical facilities provides to the concerned patients It is imperative for the healthcare professionals to understand the desired and the actual needs of the respective patients' as this will help in serving the best possible services to them. The designing of the software needs to be in such a way so that complete facilities should be offered as to make the patient cure of the disease suffering from. Moreover, the medical staff and the respective health care professionals need to understand the desired functions of the application as to make the patient understand regarding it. Strategies The development of the communication between the patients and the medical staff including the health care professions is of great importance as this will help in providing the desired health care services to all of the patients concerned. The management team along with the senior medical staff needs to formulate effective strategies in order to run the application successfully as to provide the medical services to the needy patients. Considering the S-O strategies, the app offers wide range of facilities for the patients and moreover it helps in enhancing the brand image of the hospital and therefore the strategy would to enhance its reliability for the users to provide a unique and fast experience. The S-O strategies will help in enhancing the brand reputation of the hospital and will increase the strength of the firm. There are some of the most crucial strategies which should be followed in order to provide the desired competitive advantage for the respective Hospital. First, would be to make the application reliable and friendly-user interface for the ease of the concerned patients. Software up gradation should be easily available in case of adding up of the new feature to the respective application (Demir et al., 2015). Second, would be to make the professional understand regarding the operating of the application and to verify that there do no exists any of the technical errors while operating the application. The primary aim of behind the development of the application is to make the health care facilities easily able to h patients by conveying the message to the respective medical staff within the Hospital (Enhancement of healthcare outcomes using big data analytics, 2016). The patients need to be assisted regarding the successfully operating of the application as to take the medical help and facilities. The third strategy will be to improve the communication system as communication system between the patients and the health care professionals including the medical staff requires being of top level as this will help in providing the desired information regarding the health condition and the geo-location of the concerned patients. The fourth strategy should be the transmission of the data of the patient to the data analytics software should maintain the privacy concerns (Latest in optometry: headache link debunked; iPads open up the new vista, 2012). Frequent checks are important regarding the functioning of the application as needed. Recommendations The data transmission system needs to be enhanced in order to provide adequate quality of the services to the patients. The physical health of the patients is considered to be the top most priority for the Hospital. Executive Summary The health care professionals are engaged in delivering the best possible medical services to the concerned patients. In lieu of this, it has become most important to understand the needs of the patients and provide medical services as soon as possible in order to enhance their health conditions. The communication system between the patients and the hospital staff needs to be of top most superiority as to offer the emergency services and other medical services to the patients when needed. This research appear reflects the development of the mobile phone application, known as ABCall4Help as to provide reliable medical services to all the patients as needed. This application is being developed so that the patients can easily call for help for medical treatment. The application will be connected with the clinicians and the families of the patients too regarding the medical help needed by the patient. This is meant to work on the latest smartphones and the tablets within the market segme nts (Latest research allays IUD pelvic disease fear, 2012). The primary motive behind the development of this particular mobile application is to provide unmatched medical services to the patients in order to enhance their health condition (Missonier and Loufrani-Fedida, 2014). The stakeholder of the entire organization plays the most crucial role and therefore their viewpoint needs to be considered as this will help in enhancing the services provided by the hospital to the concerned patients. Moreover, the application will help in providing information such as name, ID, photos, the required services and many other things. These are required as to analyze the desired status and condition of the patients health condition (O'Donovan, 2014). The records of the patient will then be analyzed with the help of the data analytics software consisting of the various other reports and privacy concerns are considered for the patient. This paper will also highlight the role and the importance of the stakeholder within an organization. the threats and the weaknesses of the application need to be identified and effective strategies should be formulated in order to enhance the effectiveness and the efficiency of the application as to provide the better quality of medical services to the people concerned. Stakeholder Analysis The stakeholders play the most crucial part in achieving the success for the entire firm. This analysis consists of the people who are associated with the firm and the firm as they had the desired impact of the development and the execution of the mobile application for the development of the business purpose. The threats and the desired opportunities need to be considered during the analysis as this will help in recognition of the gaps and will provide the desired platform to enhance the entire business procedure of the Hospital in delivering the medical services to the patients. For the development of the effective strategies regarding the launching of the mobile application consisting of several features, it becomes evident to take the help of the stakeholders in enhancing the reliability of the concerned application (Rixon, 2010). There are certain questions which will help in completing the stakeholder analysis successfully, these are identification of the people getting involve d in the conversation process, the key factors influencing the biodiversity related to the functioning of the application, the key strategy plan to launch the application successfully for the welfare of the patients and participation of the stakeholder in the designing and monitoring process of launching the mobile application (Seethaler, 2009). The threats, as well as the opportunities, needs to be critically identified by the stakeholders as this will help in increasing the effectiveness and the user interface of the application. It is crucial to keep the data of the concerned patients safe as this may affect the brand name of the Hospital (Shaw, 2010). The people should get involved in this entire process and increase the reliability of the mobile application. The critical elements which can affect the execution and launching of the software within the market segments need to verify as rectification of the errors and threats will improve the services delivered to the patients (St anghellini, 2010). The factors which can reduce the effectiveness of the mobile application need to be critically analyzed by the stakeholders. Stakeholder Influence and Importance The importance of the stakeholders needs to be understood as they play the most vital role in developing the growth of the concerned association (The SAGE handbook of health care, 2008). There should be perfect risk management strategies in order to enhance the effectiveness of the concerned Hospital. The stakeholders are the vital part of any of the firm and they participate in the decision-making process for the development of the business process of the firm. The below-mentioned chart will help in identifying the risks: Chart: Risk Tolerance for Stakeholders There are some risks involved in managing the firm by the stakeholders and these needs to be considered on top priority (Trent, 2012). The cost of making the application along with the scope, quality, and the schedule management needs to be considered in order to maintain the desired balance between the executions of the work process. The occurrence of the insignificant cost critically affects the entire project. There needs to be perfect scheduling of the entire project as this will help in managing the entire investments (Vance-Borland and Holley, 2011). The quality of the development of the mobile application is of great importance and this needs to be identified on top priority as this creates a great impact on the concerned users and the patients (Weiss, 2014). One of the major risks for the different stakeholders is the proactive management of the concerned undesired events. Reduction in the quality of the project should be in a manner that it can be accepted by the clients. Th erefore, entirely the quality as well ss the cost involved within the development and the launching of the concerned mobile application raises some of the viable risks for the stakeholders and this need to be considered on top most priority. References An Application of Restricted Open Queueing Networks to Healthcare Systems. (2016).IJLTET, 7(1). Anderson, S. (2015). Latest SPIE industry analysis quantifies biophotonics-enabled sector.SPIE Professional. Demir, S., Bryde, D., Fearon, D. and Ochieng, E. (2015). Three-dimensional stakeholder analysis - 3dSA: adding the risk dimension for stakeholder analysis.IJPOM, 7(1), p.15. Enhancement of healthcare outcomes using big data analytics. (2016).IJLTET, 7(3). Latest in optometry: headache link debunked; iPads open up a new vista. (2012).Springer Healthcare News, 1(1). Latest research allays IUD pelvic disease fear. (2012).Springer Healthcare News, 1(1). Missonier, S. and Loufrani-Fedida, S. (2014). Stakeholder analysis and engagement in projects: From stakeholder relational perspective to stakeholder relational ontology.International Journal of Project Management, 32(7), pp.1108-1122. O'Donovan, G. (2014).Solvency II. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing Ltd. Rixon, D. (2010). An analysis of changes in stakeholder accountability among Canadian WCBs: 1998-2008.Canadian Public Administration, 53(2), pp.221-240. Seethaler, S. (2009).Lies damned lies, and science. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: FT Press. Shaw, G. (2010).The healthcare debate. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Greenwood. Stanghellini, P. (2010). Stakeholder involvement in water management: the role of the stakeholder analysis within participatory processes.Water Policy, 12(5), p.675. The SAGE handbook of health care. (2008). Los Angeles: SAGE. Trent, R. (2012).Molecular medicine. Amsterdam: Elsevier / Academic Press. Vance-Borland, K., and Holley, J. (2011). Conservation stakeholder network mapping, analysis, and weaving.Conservation Letters, 4(4), pp.278-288. Weiss, J. (2014).Business ethics. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Inc.